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a partir de quantas faltas é considerado abandono de emprego

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Linda
19/08/2026, 19:20:20

Olá! A resposta direta à sua pergunta é: não existe um número mágico de faltas que, automaticamente, configure abandono de emprego. A legislação portuguesa, nomeadamente o Código do Trabalho, trata o abandono como uma quebra de confiança e uma falta grave que impossibilita a continuação do vínculo laboral. O que a lei faz é estabelecer presunções, ou seja, situações em que se assume que o trabalhador abandonou o posto.

A principal presunção legal de abandono de emprego ocorre quando o trabalhador falta injustificadamente ao trabalho por mais de 5 dias úteis seguidos ou 10 dias úteis interpolados (não seguidos) num período de 90 dias. Nestes casos, a entidade patronal pode enviar uma carta registada com aviso de receção ao trabalhador, notificando-o para regressar ao trabalho num prazo de 5 a 10 dias úteis. Se o trabalhador não responder ou não regressar, a empresa pode considerar rescindido o contrato por justa causa, com perda de direitos como indemnização e subsídio de desemprego.

Mas atenção: a lei não é uma fórmula matemática. O abandono depende de uma vontade clara do trabalhador em não regressar. Um único dia de falta, se for acompanhado de outras evidências (como não atender chamadas, não justificar a ausência, ou enviar mensagens a indicar que não volta), pode ser considerado abandono. Por outro lado, faltas justificadas (com atestado médico, por exemplo) nunca configuram abandono. A chave está na intenção e na falta de justificação.

Para a empresa, o processo correto é crucial: não se pode simplesmente "despedir" por abandono sem seguir os passos legais, sob risco de a justiça considerar o despedimento ilícito. Para o trabalhador, a melhor defesa é justificar sempre qualquer ausência e manter contacto com o empregador, mesmo em situações de conflito.

SituaçãoConsequência Legal
Faltas injustificadas > 5 dias seguidosPresunção de abandono. Empresa notifica para regressar em 5-10 dias.
Faltas injustificadas > 10 dias interpolados em 90 diasPresunção de abandono. Mesmo procedimento de notificação.
Falta de resposta à notificaçãoEmpresa pode rescindir por justa causa, sem direito a indemnização.
Faltas justificadas (ex.: doença)Não configuram abandono, independentemente da duração.

Em suma, mais do que a contagem, o que importa é a falta de comunicação e a ausência de justificação. O abandono de emprego é uma decisão legal séria, com consequências financeiras e profissionais.

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LaAnderson
19/08/2026, 21:33:32

Para mim, a questão é mais prática do que teórica. Já vi colegas que, por desentendimentos com o chefe, simplesmente deixaram de aparecer. A empresa esperou uns dias, mandou uma carta e pronto. O que ouvi dizer é que, se faltar uns 5 dias seguidos sem dar notícias, a empresa já pode começar o processo. Mas o mais importante é que, se não responder à carta que eles enviarem, aí sim, está feito. O conselho que dou é: se tiver problemas, fale com o patrão. Não desapareça. É mais fácil resolver uma discussão do que uma acusação de abandono.

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McNorah
20/08/2026, 01:17:49

Vamos ao que interessa: a lei não é um bicho de sete cabeças. A presunção legal, como já ouvi num programa de rádio, é de 5 dias úteis consecutivos de faltas injustificadas. Mas o que muitos não sabem é que a intenção pesa muito. Se o trabalhador está doente e não avisa, mas depois aparece com um atestado, a coisa muda de figura. O segredo é nunca deixar o empregador sem resposta. Um email ou uma chamada podem fazer a diferença entre um processo de abandono e uma simples falta justificada. Não se esqueça: o silêncio é o pior inimigo do trabalhador.

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SarahMarie
20/08/2026, 05:38:59

Do ponto de vista prático, já vi casos em que um trabalhador faltou 3 dias, não atendeu o telefone, e a empresa considerou abandono. A justiça deu razão à empresa porque o comportamento do trabalhador demonstrava vontade de não regressar. Por outro lado, um colega faltou 15 dias seguidos, mas por razões de saúde e com documentação, e o processo nem avançou. A minha visão é clara: a lei conta dias, mas a realidade conta atitudes. Se precisar de faltar, documente tudo. Um simples comprovativo de ida ao médico pode salvar-lhe o emprego. Não se fie apenas no número de dias, foque-se na comunicação.

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Collin
20/08/2026, 10:49:09

A minha experiência, em anos de trabalho, diz-me que o abandono de emprego raramente é uma questão de "dias contados". É mais uma questão de atitude. Já vi um caso de um trabalhador que faltou uma semana inteira e, ao regressar, foi despedido por justa causa. Porquê? Porque, durante essa semana, não respondeu a nenhuma tentativa de contacto da empresa. A lei diz que 5 dias seguidos ou 10 interpolados em 90 dias são a presunção, mas, na prática, a empresa pode começar a suspeitar muito antes. O meu conselho é: se sentir que o ambiente está azedo, nunca deixe de comunicar. Uma falta, mesmo grave, pode ser justificada. O silên

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