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Como é calculado o IRRF sobre o salário do empregado em 2026?

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MacValeria
22/08/2026, 22:42:08

O IRRF (Imposto sobre o Rendimento das Pessoas Singulares retido na fonte) é calculado aplicando uma tabela de retenção progressiva ao salário bruto mensal do empregado, após deduzir a contribuição para a Segurança Social (11% do salário bruto, se for trabalhador dependente) e eventuais deduções específicas (como dependentes ou pensões de alimentos). O valor da retenção depende do escalão de rendimento e da situação familiar. Por exemplo, em 2026, para um solteiro sem dependentes com salário bruto de 1.500 €, o cálculo seria: 1.500 € – 165 € (SS) = 1.335 € de base; aplica-se a taxa do escalão correspondente (ex.: 14,5% sobre parte do valor) e parcela a abater, resultando num IRRF de cerca de 120 €. A tabela é atualizada anualmente pelo governo. Abaixo, um exemplo simplificado para um trabalhador solteiro sem dependentes (valores hipotéticos para 2026):

Salário Bruto (€)Desconto SS (€)Base de Cálculo (€)Taxa Marginal (%)Parcela a Abater (€)IRRF (€)
1.2001321.06814,50154,86
1.8001981.60221,075,00261,42
2.5002752.22528,0250,00373,00

O empregador é obrigado a reter e entregar o valor ao Estado, e o empregado pode ajustar a retenção através do IRS Jovem ou comunicando alterações no agregado familiar.

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ElisaLee
23/08/2026, 03:28:19

Quando comecei a trabalhar, fiquei chocado com o valor que saía do meu salário. A verdade é que o IRRF não é um percentual fixo; depende de quanto ganhas e das tuas despesas. Para mim, que sou solteira e sem filhos, a conta é direta: salário bruto menos 11% da Segurança Social, depois aplica-se a tabela. No meu caso, com 1.400 €, retenho cerca de 110 €. Parece um bocado, mas lembro que depois, no reembolso anual, posso recuperar parte se tiver despesas de saúde ou educação. O melhor é usar o simulador da Autoridade Tributária para veres o valor exato.

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Archie
23/08/2026, 13:05:56

Sou pai de dois filhos e já tenho alguma experiência com o IRRF. A grande vantagem é que cada dependente reduz a base de cálculo – a retenção é menor. Por exemplo, com salário de 2.000 €, tenho direito a dedução por cada filho (cerca de 30 € por mês cada). Além disso, se tiver despesas com o lar, posso comunicar à empresa para ajustar a taxa. O segredo é manter o agregado atualizado no portal das finanças. Isso evita surpresas no final do ano e deixa mais liquidez no mês a mês.

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McSadie
24/08/2026, 00:04:43

Como responsável pelos recursos humanos, lido com o cálculo do IRRF diariamente. O processo é automático no software de payroll, mas é essencial validar as tabelas de retenção atualizadas. A cada ano, as taxas e os escalões mudam – em 2026, por exemplo, houve um ajuste nas faixas intermédias para compensar a inflação. Outro ponto crítico: o IRS Jovem (isenção parcial nos primeiros anos de trabalho) precisa ser ativado pelo empregado. Se não for comunicado, a retenção é feita pela tabela normal. A nossa responsabilidade é garantir que cada colaborador recebe o líquido correto e que os valores são entregues ao Estado dentro do prazo.

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Phyllis
24/08/2026, 12:53:57

Sou freelancer, mas já fui empregado, e a diferença no cálculo do IRRF é grande. Para assalariados, a empresa retém na fonte, o que dá mais previsibilidade. Já eu, como trabalhador independente, tenho de fazer retenções trimestrais e acertar contas no IRS. A vantagem é que consigo deduzir mais despesas (como material de trabalho e internet). Mas, honestamente, prefiro o sistema automático do empregador: menos burocracia e menos risco de errar. Se tivesse de dar um conselho a alguém a começar, diria: entenda as tabelas e simule o seu líquido antes de aceitar um salário.

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