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a partir de quantos dias é abandono de emprego

3Respostas
DeMadelyn
19/08/2026, 04:02:42

Olá! Vamos diretos ao ponto. Em Portugal, o abandono de emprego é considerado uma rescisão unilateral do contrato de trabalho por parte do trabalhador, sem aviso prévio e sem justa causa. A lei, nomeadamente o Código do Trabalho (artigo 403.º), estabelece que se considera abandonado o posto de trabalho quando o colaborador falta injustificadamente por 10 dias úteis consecutivos, ou, de forma intercalada, por 15 dias úteis num período de 30 dias.

Atenção: não se trata apenas de dias corridos, mas sim de dias úteis. Um sábado ou domingo, por exemplo, não contam para este prazo, a menos que fossem dias normais de trabalho na empresa. A partir do momento em que se completa este período, a entidade patronal pode declarar o abandono de emprego, o que tem consequências sérias para o trabalhador, como a perda do direito a subsídio de desemprego e a eventuais indemnizações.

É crucial que ambas as partes entendam o processo. O empregador deve, antes de mais, tentar contactar o trabalhador para perceber a razão da ausência. Se não houver resposta, deve enviar uma carta registada com aviso de receção a notificar o colaborador para se apresentar ao trabalho, concedendo um prazo (geralmente 5 a 8 dias úteis) para justificar as faltas. Só depois desse prazo e sem justificação, o abandono pode ser formalizado.

Para resumir a informação mais importante:

SituaçãoPeríodo de Ausência InjustificadaConsequência Principal
Ausência contínua10 dias úteis consecutivosPresunção de abandono de emprego
Ausência intercalada15 dias úteis num período de 30 diasPresunção de abandono de emprego
Após notificação do empregador5 a 8 dias úteis (prazo legal)Formalização da rescisão por justa causa

Portanto, respondendo claramente à sua pergunta: o abandono de emprego começa a ser considerado a partir de 10 dias úteis consecutivos de falta injustificada ao trabalho. É fundamental ter este prazo em mente para evitar surpresas desagradáveis, tanto para quem trabalha como para quem emprega.

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EdenLynn
19/08/2026, 05:32:22

Pois, esta questão é muito importante para quem está a começar uma carreira ou a mudar de emprego. Eu já estive numa situação complicada, e o que aprendi é que o prazo dos 10 dias úteis consecutivos é mesmo o limite. Mas atenção: o empregador não pode simplesmente assumir o abandono no dia seguinte. Ele tem de provar que tentou contactar-te e que te deu a oportunidade de justificar a falta. Muitas pessoas confundem isto com "despedimento por justa causa", que é outra coisa. O abandono é uma decisão tua, mesmo que não a comuniques. Se estiveres doente, por exemplo, e não conseguires avisar, é essencial enviar o atestado médico o mais rápido possível, nem que seja por email. Senão, os dias contam como injustificados e o prazo começa a correr. O conselho que dou é: comunicação é tudo. Um simples telefonema ou mensagem a explicar a situação pode evitar um grande problema legal.

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McMiguel
19/08/2026, 07:54:49

Sinceramente? Acho que a lei é clara, mas muita gente não sabe. 10 dias úteis seguidos sem justificação e o patrão pode declarar abandono. Mas já vi casos em que o trabalhador faltou 9 dias, voltou um dia, e depois faltou mais 9. Aí, a lei diz que são 15 dias úteis intercalados num mês. O truque está em saber que o "relógio" não recomeça do zero se houver uma falta de um dia ao meio. A falta tem de ser justificada para interromper a contagem. E atenção: se o empregador não fizer a notificação formal, o contrato pode continuar ativo e o trabalhador pode ter direito a receber salários

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